气象产品

美国签派可用的气象产品真丰富。下图是学校整理的气象产品要点。

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其中比较有用的是WEATHER DEPICTION,用于查看多个站点的天气情况(MVFR和IFR),可以让你快速找出选择备降场的区域。还有LLVL SIG WX PROG,低空重要天气预告图,可以用来判断低空的积冰颠簸。国内用低空的不多。其他几个图以后再一一介绍。

如果国内的气象产品也能这么丰富就好了。

美国之行 – 租车

在美国没车真的不行,最终决定租个车。这款和柯帕奇差不多大的SUV价格便宜,平均每天才300多人民币。

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发现90%的美国人停车都是头朝内。所以我在停车场里属于异类。有好多次停车的时候都会吓坏路人。后来我想想头朝内也有好处,从超市出来直接可以把东西扔进后备箱。

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我发现那里的车只有后面有牌照,前面没有。学校的车前面挂了广告。

 

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在当地开车不习惯,马路上没人,都是车让行人,转弯让直行。我现在还没搞懂,两辆车都转弯的时候,到底谁有优先权,所以好几次在路口,我和左侧里口的车同时停下,僵持2秒钟后,他就是不开,每次都是别人让我。

不过,环境还是影响素质的。在纽约就是,开车的也有抢红灯、鸣笛、不让行人。行人也都乱穿马路。所以并不能说美国人素质多好。都是逼出来的。

美国之行 – 无法适应的食物

都说美国东西难吃,这次发现,的确难吃。

在机场吃的美式中餐。肉还行,但是这西兰花完全没有味道。就不知道放点蠔油吗。

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到达纽约过夜的宾馆后叫了中餐外卖。味道还行,因为我们叫的都是炒饭,不叫蔬菜。

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在纽约的中餐还行,因为纽约中国人多,但是到了ft. lauderdale就惨啦。那里中国人少,叫中餐的机会都没有,只有商场里两家美式中餐。

无奈只好去超市,买些美国人的食品。大罐冰激凌、生菜色拉、芝士鸡肉卷、苹果派。这些食品吃第一次还行,吃多了就受不了。

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所以,我们在笔试后一天,开车5英里,去了一个正宗的中餐馆吃饭。这个中餐馆叫”dragon city”,明显粤菜风格。本来想叫一条清蒸鱼的,可是菜单上鱼的价格是20美刀,太贵。我还想叫烧鹅的,结果店员说美国哪有吃鹅的,只有烧鸭。所以最后点了烧鸭、叉烧、炒素菜和皮蛋瘦肉粥。因为菜里味精放了不少,所以吃出了国内餐馆的味道,Great。

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美国之行 – 初到美国

最近忙于去美国考FAA执照,所以一直都没有更新博客。前天刚回到上海,时差却倒不过来。既然晚上睡不着,就起来把这次旅行的感受写一下吧。

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在JFK过夜转机。初到美国的感受是,怎么入境排队这么多人。美国的机场设计的都是小航站楼,使用方便,从777的廊桥走下来,才走了1分钟就到了入境的地方了。这比国内机场走2~3公里的路程方便多了。

入境官是个亚裔,问我去哪,干什么。基本上和办签证的时候问得差不多。没问几句就盖章了。我走时说了一句thank you。他回我一句谢谢。

727的两个最大落地重量

727真的很奇怪,有两个最大落地重量。一个是襟翼30度154,500 lbs,另一个襟翼40度142,500 lbs。 明显襟翼30度的进近速度更大。在给727分类的时候,是用哪个重量确定的呢?询问了Brett,他是这样回答的:

Q: There are two landing configures(flap 30 and flap 40) and two max landing weights. The approach category is based on 1.3 times the stall speed in the landing configuration at maximum landing weight. Which weight or which flap is used when 727 was approved to be a category C for s-in landing? Are two configures approach speeds both within category C range? Which max landing weight is used in daily operation?

A:The definition of the approach category is based upon the maximum gross landing weight. We have two different limitations based on the flap settings, but the maximum certificate weight is based on Flaps 30 degrees, so that’s what we would base it on.(审定时使用的是襟翼30的落地重量) And that makes sense too – to be safe/conservative, we would want to base this on a higher speed and not a lower one. The stall speed with Flaps 30 will be higher than the stall speed at Flaps 40, so it also makes sense from that point of view to base this on Flaps 30. So, the Category C is based on 154,500 pounds with Flaps 30 degrees.

In daily operations, Flaps 30 would be used. You will see later in the course that it is VERY rare that we would want to use Flaps 40 degrees. This is helpful for extremely short runways because the runway weight limitations for landing would be better – the lower landing speeds mean we could stop faster, or stop in the same amount of runway with more weight. However, the extra drag with Flaps 40 means that the ability to go around and do a missed approach will be greatly harmed because of all of the extra drag, and the weight limitations for that will be MUCH lower at Flaps 40 – plus, we lose 12,000 pound from the structural limit as you have already seen. It has to be an extremely short runway to even think about this.( 只有当受落地场长限制的时候,才需要使用襟翼40 )

In practice, operators of the 727 basically never use Flaps 40 for those reasons, plus another – with the extra drag at Flaps 40 during the approach, the engines have to be at a higher thrust setting to make up for the extra drag. That additional noise makes compliance with Stage III noise certification all but impossible.(使用襟翼40还会造成噪音太大,平时运行几乎不使用襟翼40的最大落地重量)