Fifth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down and to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from or destined to a third State (also known as a Fifth Freedom Right).
RJNT关闭至北京时13:30: L0382/24 富山 (RJNT) 2024/01/13 04:45 – 2024/01/13 05:30 (X) 替代L0380/24 RWY 02/20-CLSD DUE TO SN REMOVAL
好在当时因为日本地震,多带了油,所以可以有充裕的时间等待。
签派员ACARS:SUGGEST HOLDING TIL 0530UTC,WE WAIT WX IN RJNT. 签派建议机组盘旋等待到1330,后续等待富山最新天气报文。
但是当时富山没有发布雪情通告。签派员担心顺风和污染跑道影响落地性能。使用OPT计算落地性能如下:
签派从站长那里得知RJNT13:30确认开放,并得到最新实况天气已经满足落地标准。
签派员ACARS:REMIND THE DOWNWIND LANDING PERFORMANCE, WHICH MAY ONLY BE ACHIEVED WITH MAXIMUM MANUAL OR MAXIMUM AUTOMATIC OPERATION 由于RJNT一直没有发布雪情通告,签派使用OPT湿跑道计算RJNT顺风落地性能,得知可能只有最大人工和最大自动满足落地性能,同时提醒机组。
我还是去翻了一下以前的文章,我在2016年写过一个《近进的灯光的等级》,文中说道了《Order 8260.3F – United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS)》给出了不同进近灯光构型的强度。但是当中并没有SALSR
跟据FAR 121.313 Miscellaneous equipment. No person may conduct any operation unless the following equipment is installed in the airplane: (b) A windshield wiper or equivalent for each pilot station.
Yes. A DME or GNSS Arrival is a procedure unique to Australia that provides an NPA to a circling minimum. A DME or GNSS Arrival is designed using the same criteria as used in conventional NPA design.
What is different about a DME or GNSS Arrival?
DME or GNSS Arrivals are normally designed to permit descent from the en-route phase without the need to locate the aircraft overhead the navigation aid or to conduct a sector entry. Entry to the procedure is often available from any direction but commonly is limited to sectors or specific tracks…..
简单说来DME or GNSS Arrivals是向着导航台或GNSS定位点,从多个方向或扇区内飞到机场的目视盘旋区域。图上用DME弧定义了FAF和MAPt点的位置。这样从各个方向上来的飞机就能欢乐地飞往机场,而不需要画进场程序(这么做是不是比较偷懒)。另外,好像DME or GNSS Arrivals进场是没法做导航数据库的(没有航路点你让人家怎么做导航数据)。
Our Civil Aviation Advisory Publications (CAAPs) provide guidance and explanatory information about the meaning of certain requirements in the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 (CAR). They may also describe methods to help you comply with a CAR requirement in a manner that would be acceptable to an authorised person or CASA.
AIM 5-1-4 Flight Plan – VFR Flights Except for operations in or penetrating an ADIZ, a flight plan is not required for VFR flight. It is strongly recommended that a flight plan (for a VFR flight) be filed with an FAA FSS. This will ensure that you receive VFR Search and Rescue Protection.
C0005 终端区仪表飞行程序 a. 批准合格证持有人使用本运行规范中批准的程序和最低标准实施终端区仪表运行,但必须满足下述任一条件: (4)在国外机场,所用终端区仪表飞行程序是由国际民航组织缔约国的政府制定或批准的。这些终端区仪表飞行程序的设计准则必须等同于国际民航组织8168号文件《空中航行程序服务-飞机运行(PANS-OPS)》第二卷、美国《终端区仪表飞行程序标准(TERPS)》或欧洲《EU-OPS》中的标准。
FAR 121.697 Disposition of load manifest, flight release, and flight plans: Supplemental operations. (c) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, if a flight originates at a place other than the certificate holder’s principal base of operations, the pilot in command (or another person not aboard the airplane who is authorized by the certificate holder) shall, before or immediately after departure of the flight, mail signed copies of the documents listed in paragraph (a) of this section, to the principal base of operations.
For Part 121 Operations, a Certificate Holder May Use a Regular, Refueling, or Provisional Airport. For part 121 operations, a certificate holder may use any regular, refueling,or provisional airport as an alternate airport, provided the airport is authorized for the type of aircraft being used. There is no need to dually(双重) designate an airport as an alternate for a particular aircraft type, if that airport is already authorized as a regular, provisional, or refueling airport for that aircraft type.
§125.1 Applicability. (a) ….this part prescribes rules governing the operations of U.S.-registered civil airplanes which have a seating configuration of 20 or more passengers or a maximum payload capacity of 6,000 pounds or more when common carriage is not involved.
然后对于“common carriage is not involved ”的解释是§110.2
§110.2 Definitions When common carriage is not involved or operations not involving common carriage means any of the following: (1) Noncommon carriage. (2) Operations in which persons or cargo are transported without compensation or hire. (3) Operations not involving the transportation of persons or cargo. (4) Private carriage.
最早的AC25-7的TAKEOFF AND TAKEOFF SPEEDS章节用来解释25.107的这一条当中,说明:
(7) section 25.107(f) – Liftoff Speed – The liftoff speed (VLoF) is defined as the calibrated airspee at which the airplane first becomes airborne, i.e., no contact with the runway. This allows comparison of liftoff speed with tire limit speed.
The maximum ground speed at liftoff, considering the entire takeoff operating envelope and taking into account 50 percent of the headwind and 150 percent of the tailwind, in accordance with § 25.105(d)(1), must not exceed the tire speed rating established under § 25.733(a) or (c).
42.11.3.1 No more than two alternate forward CG limits (three total) should be approved per operator-specific variant of a particular airplane type and model.